Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells - difference and similarities

As we have discussed a very little part of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell in previous article.
In this article we are going to study purely about differences and similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Since there are many diversity present on this earth are either prokaryotes or eukayotes.
There are many differences on the basis of which prokaryotes are different from eukaryotes. We will going to discuss some major differences among them.

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell

Prokayotes cell differ from eukaryotes in terms of cell structure and molecular make-up. As prokaryotic cells contains mostly bacteria therfore they have simple internal structures than eukaryotic cells. Since many structures are common in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes but most of the Prokayotes lack many features in contrast to eukaryotes.

Some major differences in characteristic of prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell are as follows:-

Features	Prokaryotes	Eukaryotes
Cell size	Small	Large
Nuclear membrane	Nuclear membrane is absent, nuclear region is called nucleoid.	Nuclear membrane is present. Nuclear region is called nucleus.
Nucleolus	Absent	Present
Histone proteins	Absent	Present
No. Of chromosomes	Mostly one	More than one
Membrane bound organelles	Absent	Present
Envelope system	Single envelope system	Double envelope system
Ribosome	70S type	80S type in cytoplasm and 70S type in mitochondria and plastids
Protein synthesis	In cytoplasm	In cytoplasm, mitochondria and plastids
Plasmid	May present	Absent
RNA synthesis	In cytoplasm	In nucleus
Centriole and sap vacoules	Absent	Present

READ MORE: What is a cell

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell similarities:

Features	Prokaryotes	Eukaryotes
Ribosome	Present, Non- membrane bound	Present non membrane bound
Transcription	Occurs	Occurs
Translation	Occurs	Occurs
Genetic material	DNA	DNA
Cell membrane	Present	Presen

Transcription- It is the process in which formation of RNA from DNA takes place in the cells.

Translation- It is the process in which Protein synthesis takes place from the RNA strand in the cells.

Conclusion:

• Cells that have membrane bound organelles and nuclei are called eukaryotes whereas cells that lack membrane bound organelles and nucleus are called prokayotes.

• Ribosomes are non membrane bound organelles present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

• Cells differ largely in size and shape. Mycoplasma is the smallest cell while the egg of an ostrich is the largest isolated single cell.Different cells varies in functions also.

• In prokayotes Transcription and translation both Occurs in cytoplasm whereas in eukaryotes Transcription occur in nucleus and translation occur in cytoplasm.

• Cell membrane of both prokaryotes and eukayotes are lipid bilayer ( means to layers of lipid membrane) and are made up of phospholipids.

FAQ:

Ques-1 what is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
Ans- in prokayotes, there is a nucleiod instead of nucleus while in eukaryotes there is a true nucleus.
In prokayotes, membrane bound organelles Absent while in eukaryotes membrane bound organelles are present.


Ques-2 do prokayotes have both DNA and RNA?
Ans- yes, prokayotes have both DNA and RNA but genetic material is DNA and RNA is formed from the DNA with the help of a process called Transcription in the cytoplasm.


Ques-3 what is the full form of DNA and RNA?
Ans- DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid while full form of RNA- Ribonucleic acid.


Ques-4 do cells have ribosomes?
Ans- yes, all living cells ranging from prokayotes to eukaryotes have ribosomes.


Ques- 5 what are the differences in ribosomes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
Ans- in prokaryotic cells ribosomes is of 70S type present freely in cytoplasm while in eukaryotic cells ribosomes are of both 70S and 80S type. 70S type of ribosomes are found in mitochondria and plastids while the 80S type is found in nucleus of eukayotic cells.